习近平主席在G20工商峰会开幕式上说：“杭州是中国的一个历史文化重镇和商贸中心，有千年以上的历史。千百年来，从白居易到苏东坡，从西湖到大运河，杭州的悠久历史和文化传说引人入胜。”杭州，这个历史名城，究竟有怎样的人文底蕴？又有哪些历史名人曾留下足迹？听小布来讲一讲~

    杭城故事

    拥有丰富感情的杭州人，创造了许多动人的故事。许仙白娘子的惊世之恋；苏小小的芳魂不断；济公的醉观尘世……每一个故事都表达着杭州人的爱恨情仇。他们有“杨柳岸晓风残月”的缠绵悱恻，也有“舍得一身剐，敢把皇帝拉下马”的侠肝义胆。他们是可爱真实的杭州人。A Hangzhou Story The Hangzhou people, full of feeling, have made many moving stories. Xu Xian, Lady Bai and their story of love, Su Xiaoxiao and her beautiful soul, the famous mad monk Ji Gong’s drunken view of the world… every story reflects the strong emotions of the people of Hangzhou. They have the poetic feeling of willows on the banks of a river under moonlight, as well as a dashing bravery that knows no bounds. These are the characters of Hangzhou people.

    秦始皇和杭州

    公元前221年，秦灭六国，秦始皇率领船队出游东南。据《史记·秦始皇本纪》记载：“至钱塘，临浙江（钱塘江），水波恶。乃西百二十里从狭中渡。”面对汹涌的钱塘潮，逆行120 里，秦始皇派人将大船缆系在保俶山一块巨石上，自己登上山顶眺望江面。他就这样，于两千多年前在杭州留下了自己的印记。 Emperor Qin Shihuang and Hangzhou In 221 BC, when the Qin Dynasty destroyed the six kingdoms, Emperor Qin Shihuang lead an expedition to the southeast of China. According to historical records on the emperor: “When arriving at the Qiantang, near the Qiantang River, the water was rough. Thus, the party travelled west 120 li to cross”. The emperor had the boats tied to a rock at Mount Baochu, and ascended the mountaintop to look over the river, leaving his footprints in Hangzhou more than two millennia ago.

    不应忘却的范市长

    历代“市长”中，北宋范仲淹是不容忘却的一位。他担任杭州知府仅一年多，恰逢“两浙路大饥荒，道有饿殍，饥民流移满路”。范公大胆实行“荒政三策”：大兴土木、发展旅游、招商引粮。三策条条奏效，饥荒顿除。范公死后，百姓为纪念其惠政，曾在孤山建范公祠，在梅东高桥建范府君庙，甚至一度奉其为土地神。A Mayor that Should Not Be Forgotten Among the “mayors” of history, Fan Zhongyan of the Northen Song Dynasty is one that deserves remembering. He served for only a little more than a year in Hangzhou, but at the time the city ran into a severe famine during which many people starved to death. He boldly implemented a three-point policy combating the famine, where many buildings were constructed, tourism was developed, and merchants were courted to import grain. The three points were all effective, and the famine was eradicated. After he died, to thank him for his excellent work, at Mount Gu a shrine was constructed for him, at the Meidong Bridge a temple was built, and some revered him as a local deity.

    岳王庙里忆岳飞

    岳王庙位于西湖边的北山路上。南宋著名爱国将领岳飞堪称是一个完美的男人，他既是军事家又是诗人。“莫等闲，白了少年头，空悲切！”他所写的《满江红》壮怀激烈，文采斐然，激励了一代又一代的爱国青年。这样的男人到了今天或许就该称为男神了。Remembering Yue Fei The Yue Fei Temple is situated on Beishan Road on the side of the West Lake. Yue Fei was a patriotic general of the Southern Song Dynasty and is widely praised even now as a great man. He excelled at military affairs as well as poetry. A famous poem written by him is full of passion and has motivated generation after generation of patriotic youths.

    杭州通司徒雷登

    司徒雷登是杭州通，而且可说是杭州话讲得最好的美国名人了，因为他生在杭州，长在杭州，在美国去世后也如愿魂归故里安息在杭州。据说当年他去河坊街王润兴饭庄吃饭时点菜：“件儿要瘦，肥了倒胃；木郎豆腐多放胡椒，要烧得入味；响铃儿要熬稍……”正宗的杭州土话直把饭店伙计听得一愣一愣的。John Leighton Stuart John Leighton Stuart was an “old Hangzhou hand”, and was the best American speaker of Hangzhou dialect, as he was born and grew up in Hangzhou. After he died in the United States, he wanted his remains returned to Hangzhou to be buried. It’s said that one time he ordered at the Wangrunxing restaurant at Hefang Street: “Make it thin, ’cause fat messes up my stomach, y’all. Gimme more spice in the beans, that’s how I likes it. Cook it up right…” his fluent use of the vernacular shocked the waiters.

    梅妻鹤子的传说

    传说宋代诗人林逋，不愿为官，就隐居于杭州，结庐孤山北麓，沉浸于歌山画水。他终身未娶，没有子嗣。种了一株梅花，把梅花当做妻子；还养了两只鹤，就把鹤当做自己的孩子。于是就有了梅妻鹤子的故事。The Legend of the Plum Wife and Crane Children Legend holds that Song poet Lin Bu was unwilling to become an official, and instead chose to become a hermit in Hangzhou, living on the north side of Mount Gu and involving himself in songs and paintings. He never married, and had no heir. He planted a plum tree and treated it as his wife, and raised two cranes as his children.

   子久草堂

    都以为黄公望只在富春山间徘徊，未曾想杭州的浴鹄湾也有他的足迹，他的足迹留在子久草堂。草堂临水，背山而还可望山，倚门眺望，雷峰塔可一收眼底。他画的《富春山居图》，无论你赶到台北故宫还是浙博，都只能看到半幅，但坐于这草堂，你可以轻轻松松地把他六百年前见过的风景一一看来。Zijiu Thatched Cottage We all think that Yuan Dynasty painter Huang Gongwang only walked around the Fuchun Mountain Range, but in fact his footprints also set upon Yuhu Bay in Hangzhou at the Zijiu Thatched Cottage. The cottage lies near the water, and has a view of mountains. If you stand at the door and look far off, you can see the Leifeng Pagoda. You can see one half each of his painting Living in the Fuchun Mountains at the Zhejiang Provincial Museum and the Palace Museum in Taipei, but sitting here, you can take the entire thing in.

    古韵书香文澜阁

    文澜阁位于西湖孤山南麓，是1782 年为珍藏《四库全书》而建的皇家藏书楼。阁内东南侧和东侧的石碑，分别刻有清乾隆帝题诗、颁发《四库全书》上谕和清光绪帝所题“文澜阁”。阁内的《四库全书》历经沧桑，是浙江几代人的侠肝义胆才使得它能躲过战乱 而幸存。而文澜阁日积月累的古书香气，一直浸润着杭城人的心灵。Ancient Books in the Wenlan Pavillion The Wenlan Pavilion is situated at the southern foot of Mount Gu near the West Lake. For saving the Complete Library of the Four Branches of Literature, it was constructed in 1782 by the emperor. Inside, at the southeast and east sides there are steles, with inscriptions by the Qianlong Emperor as well as the Guangxu Emperor. The books within have been preserved through wars and conflicts due to the bravery and heroic efforts of generations of people in Zhejiang. The collected works in this place reflect the spirit of the people of Hangzhou.

    月老和月老祠

    雷峰塔边的月老祠，因发源于杭州的月老故事而成为香火极盛的卜婚场所。金庸为此曾比较月老和爱神丘比特，认为小孩拿箭乱射是鲁莽，月老稽考簿籍，红线缚人，则温柔、文明。而月老祠的楹联“愿天下有情人，都成了眷属；是前身注定事，莫错过姻缘”，更是东方哲学和“爱情之都”浪漫气息的体现。The Matchmaker and Matchmaker’s Temple Next to the Leifeng Pagoda is the Matchmaker’s Temple. Because of the classical story of the matchmaker under the moon at this site in Hangzhou, the place has become a famous site for fortunetelling regarding marriages. Jin Yong (a wellknown writer) once compared the matchmaker under the moon of China and the god of love Cupid, thinking of the child as hot-headed and rash, whereas the matchmaker checking record is gentle and cultured. The set of couplets hanging on the wall of the Matchmaker’s Temple says: “Let the lovers of the world become spouses. This is set in previous lives – do not miss your match.” This is the romantic meeting of oriental philosophy and “the city of love”.

    相亲圣地

    万松书院是明清时杭州规模最大、历时最久、影响最广的文人汇集地。王阳明、齐召南等大咖曾在此讲学，袁枚也曾在此就读。但现在它是一个相亲场所。每周六上午，四面八方的大妈大爷都会带着自己子女的信息过来，为其物色对象。这种功能的变化，源于一个经典爱情故事——梁祝。这两位正是在此地读书而结缘的。A Place for Meeting One’s Love The Wansong Academy of the Qing and Ming dynasties is the site of cultural exchange largest in scale, with the longest history and biggest impact. The famous Wang Yangming and Qi Zhaonan, among others, gave talks here, and Yuan Mei also studied in this place. Now it’s a spot for people to meet their lover. Every Saturday morning, old ladies and gentlemen from all over bright their children’s information to find them a potential spouse. This kind of functional shift has its origins in a classical love story – the Butterfly Lovers. The two are said to have met here.

    碑林

    某日席间，一老北京问一老杭州，“你们有个碑林，你知道吗？” 老杭州愕然无答，觉得很丢面子，居然叫一个外地人这样问倒。回后多处打听，终在吴山边的劳动路上找着这碑林，一看更汗颜， 竟有如此多宝贝：二王、苏米等历代书家的手笔刻石，理宗、康熙、乾隆的御书石碑……五百多方，由唐至清，十分壮观。Forest of Steles One day, an old Beijing man asked an old Hangzhou native, “You have a forest of steles, you know that?” The Hangzhou native was surprised, and felt ashamed that an outsider would ask him this. After he returned and made inquiries, he finally found this forest of steles near Laodong Road, next to Mount Wu. He blushed with shame when he saw so many steles: the Two Wangs(Wang Xizhi & Wang Xianzhi), Northern Song calligraphers Su Shi and Mi Fu, and others, the Lizong, Kangxi and Qianlong emperors… more than 500 in total, from the Tang to the Qing Dynasty, all a sight to behold.

    桃花错

    吴山有一岩石叫感花岩。相传唐代诗人崔护吴山游春，因口渴叩一柴扉求饮，巧遇一桃花般明媚的女子。次年再访，佳人却杳无影踪，遂于壁间题下“去年今日此门中，人面桃花相映红。人面不知何处去，桃花依旧笑春风”一诗。200 年后苏轼游吴山念及崔护其诗其事，亦于壁间写下《赏牡丹诗》附之，感伤这场桃花错。The Missed Peach Blossom At Mount Wu there is a “sentimental peach blossom rock”. Legend has it that Tang Dynasty poet Cui Hu visited Mount Wu in the spring and knocked on a door to ask for a drink because of thirst. He was greeted by a maiden beautiful as a peach blossom. When he visited the next year, there was no trace of this beauty. He wrote a poem: “A whole year ago to the gate I did pace, with blooming peaches shining upon her face. Now the smiling face which I saw and miss has gone nowhere, the peaches are still coming into bloom in spring breeze here.” 200 years later Su Shi travelled here and read Cui Hu’s poem. He wrote his own poem, “Admiring the Peonies”, to acknowledge this missed meeting between Cui Hu and the peach beauty.

    八卦田

    玉皇山南麓的八卦田，是由南宋皇帝赵构所建，距今有近900年了，保存完好。这是根据伏羲氏所作的太极阴阳八卦图案建造的。按一年二十四节气四季轮回在“八丘田”里种植不同的庄稼，表示对农事的尊重，祈求风调雨顺、五谷丰登，也表示赵构重整旗鼓、收复江山的决心。现开辟为公园，成为人们学习农事和休闲的地方了。Field of the Eight Diagrams At the southern foot of Jade Emperor Mountain there is a Field of the Eight Diagrams, which was built under the reign of Southern Song Emperor Zhao Gou, and almost 900 years later it remains in good shape. It is built in the shape of the Eight Diagrams of Yin and Yang defined by legendary leader Fu Xi. It consists of sections that are planted in accordance with the twenty-four Solar Periods as defined in the traditional Chinese lunar calendar, to show respect for agricultural affairs and pray for good rains and harvest. It was also built as a display of Zhao Gou’s determination to rally force again and recover the lost territory. It is now open as a park, for both relaxation and learning about agriculture.

    浣纱路

    走过浣纱路，未见浣纱河。听老杭州说这是在浣纱河上筑的路。浣纱河古称清湖河，又因在这里浣纱洗衣的杵捣声终日不绝，而得名浣纱河。昔日的浣纱河，沿岸杨柳低垂，小桥流水人家，夏日里，小伢儿在河里游泳、抓鱼、嬉闹。由浣纱河变成浣纱路， 对多数老杭州来说，是一段难以割舍的记忆。Huansha Road Walking along Huansha Road, I don’t see the Huansha River. An old resident says that Huansha Road was built over the Huansha River. The Huansha River was originally called the Qinghu River, but its name was changed due to associations with washing clothing. Huansha River in the old days was lined by willows, featured many bridges, and had people who would wash clothes and children playing in it in summer days, fishing and having fun. It’s a nostalgic memory for those old enough to remember it.

    知味之余， 知音不断

    “知味停车，闻香下马；欲知我味，观料便知”说的是杭州百年老店知味观，它是国家首批认定的中华老字号和中国十大餐饮品 牌。1913年由孙翼斋建立，开张之初生意并没他想象中的红火，他想着自己的点心不比别人差，就在门楣上写下了“欲知我味， 观料便知”，不料竟引起了人们的好奇。从此知味之余，知音不断。 Zhiweiguan Restaurant One of the major classical food and beverage brands as recognised by China, Zhiweiguan is a famous restaurant in Hangzhou. Founded by Sun Yizhai in 1913, the business wasn’t originally that good as he imagined, As he thought the pastries he produced could compete with other brands, he hung a sign at the doorhead saying “If you want to know how the product is, come see how it’s made”. It attracted curious people, and the brand became famous since then.

    内容参考《微观杭州》一书